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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Additionally, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure has to be transported to the construction location by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery portion of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. Afterward, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be a few of the other industrial equipment that is commonly used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or 20 feet. Then, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.
The definition of a "loaded container" for the purpose of securing and container handling; is a container other than in the tare or empty condition. Containers should be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions like wind should be considered. The term loaded refers to the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. To be able to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the cargo should be evenly distributed all around the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed load is beneficial to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. A cargo that is even helps to prevent unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is very essential that the designers of containers and handling machinery consider during the engineering process. Like for instance, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
In order to make sure that the machinery used is right for the load, care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention has to be paid to the risk of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, extreme care should be taken when lifting these.
